Waste processing plant

Project summary

The complex consists of:   

Functioning

1 Waste sorting plant

The waste sorting plant receives mixed solid waste from the city, separates them into fractions using a sorting line and prepares them for shipment to customers in a form convenient for transportation, for example, in the form of compressed bales.

After sorting on the "tail" of the line, there is mainly food waste, which is sent to the biogas plant for anaerobic digestion. However, due to the contamination of food waste in the composition of MSW with all kinds of inorganic inclusions that adversely affect the operation of the biogas plant, and which are almost impossible to remove, it is recommended to collect food waste separately from other MSW.

2 Biogas plant

BSU is designed for disposal by anaerobic digestion:

- organic component of solid waste, primarily food waste;

- excess and active sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants;

- waste of the local agro-industrial complex: crop production, animal husbandry, processing industry.

The biogas products of biogas fermentation in the biogas plant are identical in composition to natural gas methane СН4 and biofertilizer, which is significantly superior in nutritional properties to ordinary manure humus.

Biogas is sent to a cogenerator to generate electricity with its subsequent sale to public power grids at a "green" tariff. A by-product of power generation is thermal energy, which is utilized in heat-intensive industries, for example, in the winter - in a greenhouse, in the summer - in a grain dryer.

In addition, when the cogenerator operates on the exhaust, a gas mixture of water vapor H2O and carbon dioxide CO2 is formed. This mixture is a valuable foliar dressing in a modern greenhouse complex, increasing yields and accelerating the maturation of plants.

3 Greenhouse complex

The greenhouse economy solves the problem of utilizing biogas plant products: heat, electricity, biofertilizer and carbon dioxide to obtain environmentally friendly vegetable products, for example, tomatoes and cucumbers for sale to the public.

The greenhouse will have a year-round three-turn operation

4 Degassing system

The degassing system is designed to collect landfill gas at closed and reclaimed solid waste landfills. During the fermentation of the organic component of solid waste inside the landfill, a gas mixture is formed, consisting of methane CH4 (up to 60%), carbon dioxide CO2 (up to 35%) and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide H2 S

Due to this chemical composition, as well as the presence of other hazardous components in the landfill gas, its uncontrolled emission can have a negative impact on the environment, manifested in the form of:

• fire and explosion hazards;
• interference with the reclamation of the solid waste landfill;
• the spread of the corresponding unpleasant odor;
• release of toxic and hazardous to human health components;
• negative impact on the climate.

To eliminate these hazards, as well as to generate additional profit from the use of landfill gas as fuel, degassing systems are used. For this, gas gathering wells are drilled throughout the landfill area, from which gas is supplied by a compressor for cleaning and combustion to the biogas plant cogenerator.

Duration of gas collection at reclaimed landfills is 10 - 20 years without a significant reduction in gas yield.