New standard for transformers

Project summary

The transformer is the main element of power grids. Thanks to him, it became possible to generate electricity at a voltage convenient for its generation, to transmit it with a voltage that corresponds to the minimum losses and to consume at a voltage calculated on the parameters of electric receivers. The transformer not only changes the voltage to a level convenient for all parts of the electrical circuit, but also connects them to a single power system.

The principle of operation of the transformer is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetism, the essence of which is to cover the electric current with a magnetic field. In the designs of all modern transformers, the winding, ie current, covers the magnetic circuit, ie the magnetic field, and therefore the phenomenon of electromagnetism is distorted. The results of such distortion have turned into a number of significant problems that occur in modern transformer construction. The main problems are:

1. Significant losses of reactive power in the form of energy dissipation fields of the windings into the surrounding space.
2. Significant losses of active power due to compensation of lost reactive power by increasing winding currents, as well as losses from scattering fields.
3. The increase in currents has led to accelerated aging of insulation, reduced service life of the transformer and the need to use a forced cooling system, which includes tank, oil, pumps, filters, pipes, radiators and more.
4. The technological process of production of oil transformers has become much more complicated, the costs for their production, operation and repair have increased. The negative impact on the environment has significantly increased.
5. Connecting the load to different phases, which always differs in magnitude and nature (resistive and reactive), causes a distortion of phase voltages in the secondary circuit of the transformer. Voltage asymmetry negatively affects the operation of all types of electrical receivers, and to eliminate it using balancing devices that have a short range of action and require significant manufacturing costs.
6. All modern transformers themselves are a source of asymmetry and higher harmonics of voltages and currents, which negatively affect the elements of power supply systems and communication lines. Higher harmonics distort the shape of the supply voltage, create additional losses and increase the heating of transformers, cause resonant phenomena, cause interference in telecommunications and control networks, lead to vibration in electrical machines and others.
7. The problem of voltage regulation under load is not solved at all. The voltage of modern transformers is regulated discretely, in a narrow range ( 5-10%) and regulation is impossible without outside interference in their work.

The present invention differs from all modern transformer designs and manufacturing technologies in that the magnetic transformer system is made of electrical or amorphous steel and has the shape of a regular hexagonal prism.

The advantages of the proposed transformers over all existing ones are as follows:

1. Due to the coverage of the windings by the magnetic circuit, there was a concentration or closure of the scattering fields on the magnetic circuit, ie the scattering fields turned into a working magnetic field, which is adequate to the increase in reactive power of the transformer.
2. The growth of the working field has eliminated the need for increased currents and cumbersome, expensive to manufacture and difficult to operate forced cooling system. New transformers of any power are made in dry execution.
3. Flat W-shaped magnetic conductors of modern transformers convert three-dimensional electromagnetic field into two-dimensional, which led to magnetic asymmetry, complicated the electromagnetic process and deteriorated the energy performance of the transformer. These shortcomings are absent in the transformer of a new design having a three-dimensional spatial magnetic circuit.
4. Manufacture, operation and repair of new transformers require much less investment compared to oil transformers.
5. The absence of higher harmonics in currents and voltages, voltage skew and their oscillations and voltage fluctuations (day-night) created the conditions for a significant increase in the reliability and service life of transformers of new design.
6. Environmental friendliness and safety of new transformers make it possible to place them near and even in the residential areas. This reduces the cost of laying cable lines and other construction and installation work. In addition, their installation does not require the allocation of individual land plots, prices for which are constantly rising.

The use of new transformers, protected by patents for inventions of Ukraine, allows:

1. Ensure almost 100% quality of electricity due to the presence in its voltages and currents only the 1st harmonic and the absence of any higher harmonics, as well as due to the ability to balance voltage, ie eliminate voltage distortions without the use of any additional equipment. transformer smoothly and in a wide range to regulate the voltage under load.
2. In addition to the high quality of electricity, the new transformers save a lot of money spent on the manufacture of complex and inefficient devices needed to operate existing transformers. These include high harmonic filters, balancing devices, voltage regulators and more. New transformers operate without the use of any additional devices or equipment.

The proposed new design of the transformer can be manufactured at all companies and enterprises engaged in the production of modern transformers. Only a slight change in the technological process is needed.

Requirements for raw materials are traditional for transformer construction: active materials - copper or aluminum, electrical or amorphous steel; insulating materials.